Delivery-rule orientation
Incoterms Comparator
A practical orientation to Incoterms 2020 groups. It does not replace the official ICC rules or transaction-specific advice.
Any mode of transport
EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU and DDP can be used across transport modes. The named place and exact version matter; the rule does not by itself settle title, payment or product quality.
- FCA is often considered where delivery occurs to a carrier at a named place
- CPT and CIP include seller-arranged carriage, while risk transfers earlier than arrival
- DAP and DPU place delivery near destination under different unloading allocations
- DDP adds extensive seller import obligations and requires careful feasibility review
Sea and inland waterway
FAS, FOB, CFR and CIF are designed for sea or inland-waterway transport. Containerised cargo may call for a multimodal rule depending on the actual delivery point.
- FOB allocates delivery on board the vessel at the named port of shipment
- CFR and CIF include seller-arranged ocean freight, but risk does not wait for arrival
- CIF includes a defined minimum insurance obligation under the official rule
Before choosing
Confirm loading capability, carrier control, export and import responsibility, insurance, documentary requirements, sanctions exposure and the point used for price comparison.
Use the official ICC Incoterms 2020 publication and qualified legal or logistics advice for the contract.